what is the syndrom where a hostage turns to their kidnapper
On the morning of Baronial 23, 1973, an escaped convict crossed the streets of Sweden's upper-case letter city and entered a bustling bank, the Sveriges Kreditbanken, on Stockholm'south upscale Norrmalmstorg foursquare. From underneath the folded jacket he carried in his artillery, Jan-Erik Olsson pulled a loaded submachine gun, fired at the ceiling and, disguising his voice to sound similar an American, cried out in English, "The party has just begun!"
Later on wounding a policeman who had responded to a silent alert, the robber took iv bank employees earnest. Olsson, a safe-cracker who failed to return to prison after a furlough from his iii-yr judgement for one thousand larceny, demanded more $700,000 in Swedish and foreign currency, a getaway car and the release of Clark Olofsson, who was serving time for armed robbery and acting every bit an accompaniment in the 1966 murder of a police officer. Within hours, the police force delivered Olsson's beau captive, the ransom and fifty-fifty a blue Ford Mustang with a full tank of gas. Notwithstanding, authorities refused the robber'south demand to leave with the hostages in tow to ensure safe passage.
The unfolding drama captured headlines around the world and played out on television screens across Sweden. The public flooded police force headquarters with suggestions for catastrophe the collision that ranged from a concert of religious tunes past a Salvation Army band to sending in a swarm of aroused bees to sting the perpetrators into submission.
Printing photographers and constabulary snipers lie side by side on a roof opposite the bank where hostages were being held on Baronial 24, 1973.
AFP Photo/ScanPix Sweden/Roland Jansson/Getty Images
Holed up inside a cramped depository financial institution vault, the captives quickly forged a strange bond with their abductors. Olsson draped a wool jacket over the shoulders of hostage Kristin Enmark when she began to shiver, soothed her when she had a bad dream and gave her a bullet from his gun as a keepsake. The gunman consoled captive Birgitta Lundblad when she couldn't attain her family by phone and told her, "Try once more; don't give up."
When hostage Elisabeth Oldgren complained of claustrophobia, he allowed her to walk outside the vault fastened to a 30-human foot rope, and Oldgren told TheNew Yorker a twelvemonth later that although leashed, "I remember thinking he was very kind to allow me to leave the vault." Olsson's benevolent acts curried the sympathy of his hostages. "When he treated us well," said lonely male person hostage Sven Safstrom, "we could think of him equally an emergency God."
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By the second mean solar day, the hostages were on a offset-proper noun basis with their captors, and they started to fearfulness the police more than their abductors. When the police commissioner was allowed inside to inspect the hostages' wellness, he noticed that the captives appeared hostile to him but relaxed and jovial with the gunmen. The police chief told the press that he doubted the gunmen would harm the hostages because they had developed a "rather relaxed relationship."
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Enmark even phoned Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme, already preoccupied with looming national elections and a deathbed vigil for the country's revered xc-year-onetime Rex Gustaf VI Adolf, and pleaded with him to let the robbers take her with them in the escape car. "I fully trust Clark and the robber," she bodacious Palme. "I am not drastic. They haven't done a thing to us. On the contrary, they accept been very nice. But, you lot know, Olof, what I am scared of is that the police will attack and cause united states of america to die."
Even when threatened with physical damage, the hostages still saw compassion in their abductors. After Olsson threatened to shoot Safstrom in the leg to shake up the police, the hostage recounted to TheNew Yorker, "How kind I thought he was for saying it was just my leg he would shoot." Enmark tried to convince her fellow hostage to have the bullet: "Merely Sven, it'southward just in the leg."
Law officers wearing gas masks escort 32-yr-old prison escapee Jan-Erik Olsson from the bank.
AFP Photo/ScanPix Sweden/Egan-Polisen/Getty Images
Ultimately, the convicts did no physical harm to the hostages, and on the night of August 28, subsequently more than than 130 hours, the police pumped teargas into the vault, and the perpetrators quickly surrendered. The police called for the hostages to come out offset, but the four captives, protecting their abductors to the very terminate, refused. Enmark yelled, "No, Jan and Clark go get-go—yous'll gun them down if we exercise!"
In the doorway of the vault, the convicts and hostages embraced, kissed and shook hands. Equally the police seized the gunmen, two female person hostages cried, "Don't hurt them—they didn't harm us." While Enmark was wheeled away in a stretcher, she shouted to the handcuffed Olofsson, "Clark, I will see you again."
The hostages' seemingly irrational zipper to their captors perplexed the public and the police, who even investigated whether Enmark had plotted the robbery with Olofsson. The captives were dislocated, too. The 24-hour interval following her release, Oldgren asked a psychiatrist, "Is there something wrong with me? Why don't I hate them?"
Psychiatrists compared the beliefs to the wartime shell shock exhibited by soldiers and explained that the hostages became emotionally indebted to their abductors, and not the police, for beingness spared death. Within months of the siege, psychiatrists dubbed the strange phenomenon "Stockholm Syndrome," which became part of the pop lexicon in 1974 when it was used every bit a defense for the kidnapped newspaper heiress Patty Hearst, who assisted her radical Symbionese Liberation Army captors in a series of depository financial institution robberies.
Even after Olofsson and Olsson returned to prison, the hostages made jailhouse visits to their former captors. An appeals court overturned Olofsson's conviction, but Olsson spent years behind bars before being released in 1980. Once freed, he married one of the many women who sent him admiring letters while incarcerated, moved to Thailand and in 2009 released his autobiography, entitled Stockholm Syndrome.
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Source: https://www.history.com/news/stockholm-syndrome
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